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Komparace využívání nástrojů Evropské centrální banky během ekonomických krizí
Harviščák, Erik
The diploma thesis compares the use of monetary policy tools by the European Central Bank during economic crises. Specifically, it compares the response to the economic crisis caused by the 2008 financial market crash and the economic crisis associated with the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. Since the establishment of the European Central Bank in 1998, these are the two most significant shocks in terms of economic development. The thesis analyzes the development of monetary policy tools used during the crisis based on available literature. Based on these tools, indicators for eurozone countries that reflect the use of monetary policy tools are analyzed and compared. These indicators include key interest rates, interbank interest rates, and interest rates for households and businesses, as well as an indicator of active loans in the eurozone and quantitative easing. Along with these indicators, macroeconomic indicators are analyzed in the thesis, including the development of the price level and prices on stock markets. Above all, indicators of interest rates and quantitative easing confirm the different response of the European Central Bank to the compared crises. During the first crisis, the focus was mainly on increasing interest rates, due the increasing price level. In contrast, during the pandemic, record-high funds were provided through quantitative easing programs to stimulate economic growth.
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The instruments of monetary policy and their legal regulation
Švestka, Vít ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
The instruments of monetary policy and their legal regulation Abstract The goal of this paper was to perform a comprehensive analysis of Monetary Policy Instruments of the Czech Republic and the Eurosystem, including the historical, economic and international aspects of the subject matter. As the topic is significantly overlapping with economic theory, the theoretical grounds were first defined in the parts concerning historical analysis, the scope of the Czech National Bank, monetary policy and economic theory. The legal analysis of the instruments of the Czech monetary policy itself was then carried out especially in a general and special part; a comparative analysis with of the Eurosystem instruments was carried out afterward as well. The purpose of a general analysis of Czech Monetary Policy Instruments was to generalize the findings and the common features of the similar monetary policy instruments and therefore the author chose the procedure consisting in definition of the notion of the monetary policy instrument, the division of the instruments and particular instrument specification. In the following part, the author deals with the legal regime of specified monetary policy instruments. The paper provides concrete insights into the legal regime of individual monetary policy instruments. The research...
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Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools - Description and Evaluation of their Efficiency
Bandžak, Denis ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Buliskeria, Nino (referee)
This thesis examines the role of unconventional monetary policy tools during and after the global financial crisis with a particular focus on three main parts - their description, implementation and efficiency. By introducing a thorough discussion based on both past and most recent papers on this topic, we provide an updated view on the classification of individual unconventional monetary policy tools which is often used inaccurately by the current literature. We further enrich the discussion by describing different strategies which central banks used before and after the global financial crisis along with the future plans and tendency of central banks in monetary policy. We conclude the thesis by our own analysis of the effects of quantitative easing on GDP and CPI using a Bayesian vector autoregression model with sign restrictions applied on Japan, the Eurozone, the UK and the US. We find a more pronounced and significant effect of quantitative easing on GDP and CPI for the UK and the US than for the Eurozone and Japan. Nevertheless, our findings have to be considered with utmost care as the model is very simplified and sensitive to the parameters chosen. Keywords: Monetary Policy, Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools, Quantitative Easing, Bayesian Vector Autoregression
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The instruments of monetary policy and their legal regulation
Švestka, Vít ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
The instruments of monetary policy and their legal regulation Abstract The goal of this paper was to perform a comprehensive analysis of Monetary Policy Instruments of the Czech Republic and the Eurosystem, including the historical, economic and international aspects of the subject matter. As the topic is significantly overlapping with economic theory, the theoretical grounds were first defined in the parts concerning historical analysis, the scope of the Czech National Bank, monetary policy and economic theory. The legal analysis of the instruments of the Czech monetary policy itself was then carried out especially in a general and special part; a comparative analysis with of the Eurosystem instruments was carried out afterward as well. The purpose of a general analysis of Czech Monetary Policy Instruments was to generalize the findings and the common features of the similar monetary policy instruments and therefore the author chose the procedure consisting in definition of the notion of the monetary policy instrument, the division of the instruments and particular instrument specification. In the following part, the author deals with the legal regime of specified monetary policy instruments. The paper provides concrete insights into the legal regime of individual monetary policy instruments. The research...
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Monetary policy and measures to support the economy
Kajerová, Nela ; Brčák, Josef (advisor)
The thesis deals with monetary policy in the Czech Republic and its significance. The first theoretical part is focused on the central banking tools Czech National Bank, which used to promote the economy and the theoretical foundations of business banking. The practical part includes the options of project financing through bank products in a particular case, and choosing a suitable version for the client according to selected parameters.
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Monetary policy and measures to support the economy
Kajerová, Nela ; Brčák, Josef (advisor)
The thesis deals with monetary policy in the Czech Republic and its significance. The first theoretical part is focused on the central banking tools Czech National Bank, which used to promote the economy and the theoretical foundations of business banking. The practical part includes the options of project financing through bank products in a particular case, and choosing a suitable version for the client according to selected parameters.
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Monetary policy of the Czech national bank and targeting inflation
Holá, Markéta ; Hřebík, František (advisor) ; Soukup, Alexandr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with problematics of monetary policy of CNB. The first part fastens on detailed explanation of essence, used monetary policy instruments and operational objectives. In a nutshell, it cuts across the requirements for regulations of monetary policy and their various types. The next part of the thesis explains the use of monetary policy in the IS-LM model, which relates concept as demand and supply of money and demand. CNB and its brief history is described in the following part of the thesis. The next part deals with closer characteristics and task, regulation and super vision in Czech banking system.
The second part of the thesis deals with inflation and its targeting of the Czech national bank. The term inflation, and terms related to this problematics, are explained in the beginning. Histrory of targeting of inflation, its targets and their
fulfilment, is mentioned there. At the end of the the thesis, it briefly concentrates on evolution of inflation and this years prognosis.
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Foreign exchange interventions as an "unconventional" monetary policy tool
Lörinčík, Tomáš ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor) ; Jedlinský, Jakub (referee)
The thesis analyses the issue of foreign exchange interventions, discovers its historical conditionality and introduces them to the context of other monetary policy instruments. For the purpose of author`s own research, key event is represented by the last financial crisis which determined significant changes in the basic economic fundamentals of foreign exchange interventions on the global level. Synthetizing publicly available information current trends in the development of this phenomenon were identified. Thesis analyses foreign exchange interventions also from the microeconomic perspective. In this sense, the research subject was presented by central banks of two economies (Australia and Czech Republic) which actively used interventions on foreign exchange market in the past. In order to solve given hypotheses scientific studies and statistical data published by international organizations were used, for example IMF or BIS, but also official reports of central banks
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Inflation targeting in case of imminent deflationary pressures - the example of CNB
Plachý, Matěj ; Koderová, Jitka (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the use of inflation targeting as monetary policy regime in a situation of imminent deflation. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part introduces the basic mechanism of inflation targeting with its basic elements and describes its possible failure. The second part focuses mainly on the analysis of the economic factors which contributed to achieving the zero lower bound for the repo rate of CNB. The third part presents an alternative (unconventional) monetary policy instruments in case of achieving zero lower bound, in particular the use of the exchange rate. The end of the last part of this thesis analyzes the development of key macroeconomic indicators in the Czech Republic.
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Monetary policy in Russian Federation
Bryntsev, Maksim ; Soukup, Jindřich (advisor) ; Krameš, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze and to explain monetary policy of Russian central bank and to determine its specific characteristics during 2010 -- 2014 as well as to describe its main instruments, goals, models and methods of regulation. First of all, the author will introduce common problems of monetary policy and there will be described general theoretical aspects of monetary policy functioning as well as impacts of monetary measures in open economy with different regimes of exchange policy and capital mobility. Further, there will be described instruments and transmission mechanism of monetary policy. The author will try to describe conditions of monetary policy realization, which have an impact on the direction of Bank of Russia measures, within the analytical part. The author will describe instruments that are characteristic for Russian central bank and foreign exchange policy, which are important for prediction of impact from monetary actions. At the end of the thesis the author will try to estimate an efficiency of monetary policy with the comparison of reality and the prognoses of Bank of Russia.
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